Тема: Прямая и косвенная речь
Инверсия о и сказуемого в предложении, связанном с передачей прямой речи
1.11 Когда предложение, связанное с передачей прямой речи, стоит после цитаты или в её середине, его подлежащее часто ставится после сказуемого.
‘Thank you,’ said Brian.
‘For how long?’ asked my stepmother.
‘Shall we sing it as we go?’ ‘Yes!’ shouted the boy.
‘We no longer believe in anything,’ wrote Zuenir Ventura, one of Brazil’s most observant journalists.
Эта инверсия нередко встречается в письменной речи, иногда мы наблюдаем её в устной речи:
‘Oh,’ says Pam, ‘I didn’t know they did that.’
1.12 Когда подлежащим является местоимение, подлежащее и сказуемое обычно не меняются местами. Обратите внимание на то, что ни один из приведенных выше примеров не имел местоимение в роли подлежащего.
Кроме того, подлежащее и сказуемое не инвертируются, если упомянут человек, который слышал прямую речь говорящего. В приводимых ниже примерах этот случай выделен.
‘Why don’t they attack our centre with infantry?’ Doggett asked Sharpe.
‘Shut up,’ Thomas said to her.
‘It’s the Tunis plane?’ Nortier shouted at me.
Поскольку почти всегда, употребляя глагол ‘tell’ , мы упоминаем человека, для ушей которого предназначено прямая речь, данный глагол нельзя отнести к числу тех, которые могут подвергаться инверсии по отношению к подлежащему. Речь идет о тех случаях, когда ‘tell’ ставится после прямой речи.
‘I’m not responsible to you for anything,’ Cross told her.
1.13Иногда журналисты, пишущие для газет, ставят подлежащее после сказуемого даже в тех случаях, когда слова, вводящие прямую речь (цитату), стоят непосредственно перед цитатой. В таких случаях глаголом обычно является ’say’, хотя могут быть использованы и другие глаголы.
Said a delighted Ferguson afterwards: ‘Andy is in tremendous form.’
Added Smith: ‘If I’ve got to bring in new players before the transfer deadline I will.
Admitted Sir Lawrence, who refused to reveal yesterday’s voting figure: ‘We would have liked an opening bowler.’
В Великобритании данная структура ассоциируется скорее с массовой (так называемой популярной), чем с серьёзной журналистикой. Мы находим эту структуру особенно часто в сообщениях о спортивных событиях.
Задание.1: The following direct quote structures have reporting clauses before or after the quote. Decide on at least one place where you could put the reporting clause in the middle of the quote. Mark the position with an asterisk. The fist one has been done for you.
1)’The thing is I don’t remember anything about the journey,’ he told Jane.
2)’The Japanese attitude to the Emperior is similar to the way Britons view the Queen,’ said Professor Sato.
3)Tim pointed out:’The main question is whether we’ll get there in time.’
4)’What do you think I ought to do?’ I asked.
5)’But in my opinion it’s worth the trouble,’ she said.
Задание.2. Переведите тексты.
1)The Partner
John Grisham
But they found him. And they waited. There was at first the desire to snatch him immediately, to drug him and smuggle him to a safe house in Paraguay, to seize him before he saw them or before a neighbor became suspicious. The initial excitement of the finding made them consider a quick strike, but after two days they settled down and waited. They loitered at various points along Rua Tiradentes, dressed like the locals, drinking tea in the shade, avoiding the sun, eating ice cream, talking to the children, watching his house.
2)Chronology of Personal Computers
1958
September 12
At Texas Instruments, Jack Kilby demonstrates the world’s first integrated circuit, containing five components on a piece of germanium half an inch long and thinner than a toothpick.
1959
(month unknown)
At Fairchild Semiconductor, Robert Noyce constructs an integrated circuit with components connected by aluminum lines on a silicon-oxide surface layer on a plane of silicon.
3)Royal Bank of Scotland
And the cupboard was bare
Apr 18th 2008
From Economist.com
Banks pass round the begging bowl
The amount will not be trivial, not will be its impact on shareholders. Analysts reckon that Royal Bank may have to raise between ?10 billion ($19.9 billion) and ?13 billion, about a third of its current market value of ?37 billion. It is expected to do so through a share sale which will probably be announced at its annual shareholders’ meeting on April 23rd.
4)«RIDING THE BULLET» Stephen King
My hands had settled on each other and were squeezing. I could feel the nails digging the backs of them just above the knuckles, but the sensation was distant, news from another country. I couldn’t let him know, that was the thing. The woods were all around us, the only light was the heartless bone-glow of the moon, and I couldn’t let him know that I knew he was dead. Because he wasn’t a ghost, nothing so harmless. You might see a ghost, but what sort of thing stopped to give you a ride? What kind of creature was that? Zombie? Ghoul? Vampire? None of the above?
George Staub laughed. “Do it twice! Yeah, man, that’s my whole family!”